Sparassodonts

1. Borhyaena 2. Protodidelphis 3. Arctodictis 4. Prothylacinus 5. Dukecynus

Monotremes (Monotremata)

1. Tachyglossus 2. Megalibgwilia 3. Zaglossus

Armadillos,Glyptodonts and Sloths (Xenarthra)

The mammalian order Xenarthra includes the armadillos, sloths and anteaters, and the extinct glyptodonts; the mammalian order Pholidota comprises the pangolins or scaly anteaters. Although...

Astrapotherians (Astrapotheria)

Astrapotheria is an extinct order of South American and Antarctic hoofed mammals that existed from the Late Paleocene to the Middle Miocene, 59 to 12 million years ago.Astrapotheres were large and rhinoc...

Brontotheriidae

Brontotheriidae, also called Titanotheriidae, is a family of extinct mammals belonging to the order Perissodactyla,the order that includes horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs.They lived around 56–34 million years ago,...

Notoungulates (Notoungulata)

Notoungulates –  literally “southern ungulates.” – may be the most emblematic of all extinct South American mammals. Notoungulates were the most abundant of the native South American ...

Bisons and other Bovines and Bovidaes

From left to right : Long-horned Bison(extinct), Pelorovis Antiquus(extinct), Ancient Bison(extinct), Steppe Bison(extinct), Aurochs(extinct), Holocene Bison(extinct), Cebu dwarf Buffalo(extinct), P...

Giraffids (Giraffidae)
The giraffids evolved from a group of even-toed ungulates in the early Miocene almost 25 million years ago. They formed part of a relatively late mammal diversification that also produced cattle, antelopes, and dee...

Cervidae

The Cervidae first appear as fossils in the early Miocene of Asia, where they expanded into a wide variety of niches (and were thus able to dominate over the bovids which arrived later). During the Miocene, members of this fami...

Cimolestids (Cimolesta)
The largest cimolestid is Coryphodon, 1 metre (3.3 ft) high at the shoulder and 2.25 metres (7.4 ft) long.

Camels, Llamas, Guanacos, Alpacas, and Vicuсas

1. Camelops 2. Oxydactylus 3. Aepycamelus 4. Alticamelus 5. Stenomylus

The largest fossil Odontocete ("toothed whale") was the Miocenephyseteroid whale Livyatan melvillei which was estimated to be between 13.5 and 17.5 meters in length. One notable feature of L. melvillei was its teeth which could exceed 36...